Ravel, Maurice : Violin sonata no.2 G-Dur M.77
Work Overview
Publication Year:1927
Dedicated to:Hélène Jourdan-Morhange
Instrumentation:Chamber Music
Genre:sonata
Total Playing Time:17 min 00 sec
Copyright:Public Domain
Commentary (2)
Author : Tachi, Arisa
Last Updated: June 12, 2015
[Open]
Author : Tachi, Arisa
This Violin Sonata was composed between 1923 and 1927, interspersed with the creation of the concert rhapsody Tzigane and the opera L'enfant et les sortilèges. Its premiere took place in 1927 at Salle Érard in Paris, with a solo performance by the renowned Romanian violinist and composer George Enescu (Ravel himself played the piano). Around this time, Ravel seems to have had a strong interest in America, and indeed, the second movement of this work is titled "Blues." In fact, Ravel undertook a concert tour in North America in 1928, during which this sonata was reportedly one of his repertoire pieces.
In G major, comprising three movements. In the first movement, an archaic sound, created through the use of modes and contrapuntal composition, contends with a novel sound derived from bitonality. The second movement, as mentioned earlier, is a blues-style piece, characterized by striking repeated chords imitating a banjo and melodies infused with blue notes. The third movement is a perpetuum mobile, where the piano and violin, traversing various keys and figuration patterns while gradually gaining momentum, lead the piece to its climax.
Author : Tachi, Arisa
Last Updated: June 12, 2015
[Open]
Author : Tachi, Arisa
First Movement (Allegretto): G major, 6/8 time.
Throughout the movement, the piano's sound is notably thin, instead emphasizing the melodic lines and intervals that form the musical material. The theme, appearing as a monophony at the beginning, is written in the Lydian mode starting on D, giving an archaic impression. When subsequently taken over by the violin, it is written in the Phrygian mode starting on A. A characteristic of the Phrygian mode is that its second degree is a semitone lower than in the minor scale, which here refers to B♭. Meanwhile, the piano part begins to accompany with a tremolo in B-flat minor, with B♭ as its tonic. Furthermore, a sharp motif, reinterpreting D♭ (the third degree of B-flat minor) as C♯, emerges in measure 10. This becomes the second musical material appearing throughout the movement.
From rehearsal mark 2, a new melody appears, seemingly deliberately avoiding consonant intervals. Derived from this melody, a motif featuring stacked major sevenths emerges in the piano part, thus largely completing the characteristic materials of this movement. Subsequently, the music shifts, with the piano part using almost exclusively open fifths (perfect fifths) in double stops, and a simple violin melody entering, awaiting the reappearance of the theme. If the progression up to rehearsal mark 4, measure 12, is considered the exposition, then the section from rehearsal mark 4, measure 13, to one measure before rehearsal mark 11, can be seen as the development, and from rehearsal mark 11 to the end of the movement as the recapitulation, thus allowing the movement to be interpreted as a sonata form.
Second Movement (Blues): 4/4 time.
While the piano part begins primarily in A-flat major, the violin starts in G major, a semitone lower. This, along with either the piano or violin taking on the role of marking the beat, emphasizes the dragging rhythmic feel characteristic of the blues. While the violin presents the main blues-style melody using blue notes, the piano responds with a melody featuring syncopated rhythms. From rehearsal mark 6, a new dotted motif appears in the piano, and the violin's pizzicato, reminiscent of a banjo, adds to the sonic thickness. At rehearsal mark 9, the main melody is played ff, bringing the movement to its climax, eventually converging while leaving fragments of the main melody.
Third Movement (Perpetuum Mobile): G major, 3/4 time.
Although significantly shorter than the first and second movements, its opening, which begins with a transformed version of the sharp motif effectively used in the first movement, can be interpreted as serving to summarize the preceding two movements. Indeed, at rehearsal number 16, where the piece reaches its climax, a melody seemingly beginning with G, reminiscent of the first movement's theme, appears at f. Furthermore, the melody with an accent on the third beat, which takes prominence from rehearsal number 6, and the frequent lowering of F♯ (the seventh degree of the G major scale) to F♮, are thought to originate from the second movement. The violin part, which moves ceaselessly throughout, eventually develops into octave leaps, and further into large leaps of perfect fifths and octaves, leading to a brilliant conclusion.