This is Clara's first work dedicated to Robert. From this theme, the close relationship between the two can be discerned. The theme first appeared in Robert's diary in 1830. Clara, having likely heard it, probably used it in this Op. 3. Clara sent the score to Robert with a letter stating: "If you would skillfully compose this tiny musical idea, my own shortcomings would be rewarded. Would you not do so? I am so eager to play that piece." And indeed, Robert composed it. However, at that time, he must have forgotten that it was originally his own melody, as the title became Impromptus on a Romance by Clara Wieck, Op. 5.

Clara's work is a relatively large set of variations, with successive changes in musical character, tempo, and key, and includes a prologue and a cadenza. While very brilliant, there are also parts that feel ostentatiously embellished, like salon music.