解説：須藤 英子 (964文字)
更新日：2018年4月20日
解説：須藤 英子 (964文字)
1914年、仙台に生まれる。4歳の時に一家で 北海道へ移り住む。中学生の頃からピアノやオ ルガンに親しみ、15歳で作曲家を志願。しかし家庭の事情から、中学校卒業後すぐに社会に出、音楽は独学で学ぶ。
1934年、伊福部昭、三浦敦史らと出会い、 札幌で「新音楽連盟」を結成。サティの音楽に影響を受け、ドイツ音楽一辺倒であった楽壇に新しい風を巻き起こした。その後、管弦楽作品 《２つの讃歌への前奏曲》（1935）や《古代の舞曲》 （1937）が、相次いで受賞。1936年には来日したチェレプニンの指導を受け、翌年にはピアノ曲《夜曲第1番》（1936）が出版される。 1939年、東宝映画の社長に認められて上京。 音楽監督として東宝映画に入社し、黒澤明監督 『羅生門』や『七人の侍』 、溝口健二監督『雨月物語』などの音楽を制作する。その音楽は、毎日映画コンクールにてたびたび音楽賞を受賞し、日本映画の黄金時代を音楽面から支えた。 1941年には日本大学芸術学科の講師となり、 新設の「映画音楽」の講座を担当。
一方で、日本音楽文化協会や戦後の日本現代音楽協会などで委員に就任し、1947年以降は、清瀬保二や伊福部昭らと創設した「新作曲派協会」で毎年作品発表会を開催するなど、演奏会用の作品にも精力的に力を注いだ。その作風は、 雅楽や能にヒントを得た東洋的なもので、自ら「汎東洋主義」を唱え、西洋的なものから東洋的なものへと音楽の枠組みを変えることを目指した。またその試みは、彼に続く武満徹や芥川也寸志たちに指針を与え、その後の日本の現代音楽の方向性に大きな影響を及ぼした。
代表作に《左方の舞と右方の舞》（1941）、 《管弦楽のための変容》（1953）、遺作《ユーカラ》 （1955）など。《ピアノのための5つの楽章》 （1940）、《五音音階によるピアノアルバム第1、 第2》 （1940）、 《詩曲》 （1947）、 《ピアノ協奏曲》 （1948）など、ピアノ曲は全創作期に渡って創作されているが、中でも《室内のためのピアノ小品集》（1941）には、日本的なるものを目指した早坂の志向が、音楽的にも哲学的にもよく表れている。
持病の結核のため、1955年41歳の若さで他界。没後、毎日映画コンクール音楽特別賞、芸術選奨が授与された。
About composer : 須藤 英子
(3010 文字)
更新日：2018年4月20日
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About composer : 須藤 英子 (3010 文字)
Fumio Hayasaka was born in Sendai in 1914. When he was four years old, he moved to Hokkaido with his family. From the time he was a junior high school student, he became familiar with the piano and the organ, and then decided to be a composer at the age of 15. However, because of the circumstances of his family, he could not go to music school. He went out into the world immediately after graduating from a junior high school and learned music by himself.
In 1934, Hayasaka met with Akira Ifukube and Atsushi Miura, and formed “New Music League” in Sapporo. They were influenced by French music such as Satie’s, bringing new inspiration to the Japanese music world which was influenced a lot by German music. After that, Hayasaka’s early orchestral works, “Futatsu no Sanka e no Zensoukyoku (Prelude to Two Hymns)” (1935) and “Kodai no Bukyoku (Dance Antique)” (1937) won awards. In 1936, Hayasaka studied composition with Alexander Tcherepnin when he came to Japan. In the following year, the piano song “Nocturne” (1936) was published.
In 1939, Hayasaka went to Tokyo, headhunted by a president of Toho Corporation. As a music director, he joined Toho Corporation and produced a lot of film music such as “Rashomon” and “Seven Samurai”, which were both directed by Akira Kurosawa. He also produced “Ugetsu Monogatari”, directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. His film pieces received Mainichi Film Awards several times, and supported the golden age of Japanese film. In 1941, Hayasaka became a lecturer at Nihon University Arts Department and gave lectures in newly established ‘Film Music’ courses.
On the other hand, Hayasaka became a committee member of Japan Music Culture Association, Japan Society for Contemporary Music and others. He also energetically worked on concert pieces while having work presentations often at the “New Composition Association” that he formed with Yasuji Kiyose, Akira Ifukube and others in 1947. Hayasaka’s music style was Oriental that was inspired by Japanese traditional music, Gagaku and Noh. He advocated ‘pan-orientalism’ and gave efforts to change the framework of music from Western to Oriental. His attempts gave guidelines to younger composer including Tōru Takemitsu, Yasushi Akutagawa and others, while having a great impact on the following Japanese contemporary music world.
Hayasaka’s major works include “Ancient Dances on the Left and on the Right” (1941), “Transformation for Orchestra” (1953), and his posthumous work “Yukara” (1955). He composed piano pieces over his lifetime, which include “Five Movement for Piano” (1940), “Piano Album in Pentatonic Scale 1st, 2nd” (1940), “Poetry Song” (1947) and “Piano Concerto” (1948). Among his piano pieces, in “17 Piano Pieces for Camber” (1941), Hayasaka’s desire to express Japanese culture appeared both musically and philosophically.
Due to his chronic disease of tuberculosis, he died at the age of 41 in 1955. After his death, he was awarded the Mainichi Film Special Music Award and the Art Encouragement Prizes.
作品(30)
ピアノ独奏曲 (10)